Ta yaya abokan ciniki ke buƙatar mu don kimanta aikin hanyar sadarwa, kuma za mu iya kimanta ta daga waɗannan fannoni huɗu.
1. Bandwidth:
An bayyana ma'anar bandwidth a cikin Baidu Encyclopedia: "mafi girman ƙimar bayanai" wanda zai iya wucewa daga aya ɗaya a cikin hanyar sadarwa zuwa wani maki a kowace raka'a na lokaci.
Matsakaicin bandwidth na cibiyar sadarwar kwamfuta shine mafi girman adadin bayanan da hanyar sadarwar zata iya wucewa ta, wato bits nawa a cikin dakika guda (naúrar gama gari ita ce bps (bit per second)).
A sauƙaƙe: ana iya kwatanta bandwidth da babbar hanya, yana nuna adadin motocin da za su iya wucewa ta kowace raka'a na lokaci;
2. Wakilin bandwidth:
Ana bayyana bandwidth yawanci azaman bps, yana nuna nawa bit a cikin daƙiƙa;
"Bits a sakan daya" ana yawan barin lokacin da aka kwatanta bandwidth. Misali, bandwidth shine 100M, wanda shine ainihin 100Mbps, inda Mbps ke nufin megabits/s.
Amma sashin saurin da muke sauke software shine Byte/s (byte/second). Wannan ya ƙunshi jujjuyawar Byte da bit. Kowanne 0 ko 1 a tsarin lambar binary kadan ne, kuma kadan shine mafi karami naúrar ajiyar bayanai, wanda 8 bits ake kira byte.
Saboda haka, lokacin da muke sarrafa broadband, bandwidth 100M yana wakiltar 100Mbps, saurin saukewar hanyar sadarwa shine kawai 12.5M Bps, a zahiri yana iya zama ƙasa da 10MBps, wannan saboda aikin kwamfuta mai amfani, ingancin kayan aikin cibiyar sadarwa, amfani da albarkatu, kololuwar hanyar sadarwa, cibiyar sadarwa Ƙarfin sabis, lalata layi, raguwar sigina, ainihin saurin hanyar sadarwa ba zai iya isa ga saurin fahimta ba.
2. Jinkirin lokaci:
A taƙaice, jinkiri yana nufin lokacin da ake buƙatar saƙo don tafiya daga wannan ƙarshen hanyar sadarwa zuwa wancan;
Daga sakamakon ping, za ku iya ganin cewa jinkirin lokaci shine 12ms, wanda ke nufin saƙon ICMP daga kwamfutata zuwa uwar garken Baidu da ake buƙatar jinkirin lokacin tafiya shine 12ms;
(Ping yana nufin dawowa da gaba lokacin da aka aika fakiti daga na'urar mai amfani zuwa ma'aunin saurin gudu, sannan nan da nan ya koma na'urar mai amfani. Wato, wanda aka fi sani da jinkirin hanyar sadarwa, ana ƙididdige shi a cikin millisecond ms.)
Jinkirin hanyar sadarwa ya ƙunshi sassa huɗu: jinkirin sarrafawa, jinkirin layi, jinkirin watsawa da jinkirin yadawa. A aikace, muna la'akari da jinkirin watsawa da jinkirin watsawa.
3. Girgiza kai
: jitter cibiyar sadarwa yana nufin bambancin lokaci tsakanin matsakaicin jinkiri da ƙaramin jinkiri. Misali, matsakaicin jinkiri lokacin da kuka ziyarci gidan yanar gizon shine 10ms, kuma mafi ƙarancin jinkiri shine 5ms, sannan jitter na cibiyar sadarwa shine 5ms; jitter = matsakaicin jinkiri-mafi ƙarancin jinkiri, girgiza = matsakaicin jinkiri-mafi ƙarancin jinkiri
Ana iya amfani da girgiza don kimanta kwanciyar hankali na hanyar sadarwa, ƙarami mai jitter, mafi kwanciyar hankali na cibiyar sadarwa;
Musamman lokacin da muke wasa wasanni, muna buƙatar hanyar sadarwar don samun kwanciyar hankali, in ba haka ba zai shafi kwarewar wasan.
Game da dalilin jitter cibiyar sadarwa: idan cunkoson cibiyar sadarwa ya faru, jinkirin layin zai shafi jinkirin ƙarshe zuwa ƙarshen, wanda zai iya haifar da jinkiri ba zato ba tsammani babba da ƙarami daga na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa A zuwa na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa B, haifar da jitter na cibiyar sadarwa;
4. Asarar fakiti
: A sauƙaƙe, asarar fakiti yana nufin cewa bayanan fakiti ɗaya ko fiye ba za su iya isa wurin da aka nufa ta hanyar sadarwar ba. Idan mai karɓa ya gano cewa bayanan sun ɓace, zai aika da buƙata ga mai aikawa bisa ga lambar serial ɗin layin don gudanar da asarar fakiti da sake aikawa.
Akwai dalilai da yawa na asarar fakiti, mafi yawan na iya zama cunkoson hanyar sadarwa, zirga-zirgar bayanai ya yi yawa, kayan aikin cibiyar sadarwa ba za su iya kula da zahirin wasu fakitin bayanai ba za a rasa.
Adadin asarar fakiti shine rabon adadin fakitin da aka rasa a cikin gwajin zuwa fakitin da aka aika. Misali, idan ka aika fakiti 100 kuma ka rasa fakiti daya, adadin asarar fakitin shine 1%.
Lokacin aikawa: Oktoba-28-2022