Kwanan nan, wani aboki yana tambaya, nawa kyamarori masu sa ido na hanyar sadarwa za su iya canza tuƙi?Gigabit switches nawa ne za a iya haɗa su zuwa kyamarori na cibiyar sadarwa miliyan 2?24 shugabannin cibiyar sadarwa, zan iya amfani da 24-tashar ruwa sauyawa 100M?irin wannan matsala.A yau, bari mu kalli alakar da ke tsakanin adadin tashar jiragen ruwa da kuma adadin kyamarori!
1. Zaɓi bisa ga rafin lambar da adadin kamara
1. Ruwan lambar kyamara
Kafin zabar canji, da farko gano adadin bandwidth kowane hoto ya mamaye.
2. Yawan kyamarori
3. Don gano ƙarfin bandwidth na sauyawa.Sauye-sauye da aka fi amfani da su sune masu sauyawa 100M da Gigabit switches.Haƙiƙanin bandwidth ɗin su gabaɗaya shine 60 ~ 70% na ƙimar ka'idar, don haka yawan bandwidth na tashar jiragen ruwa yana kusan 60Mbps ko 600Mbps.
Misali:
Dubi rafi guda ɗaya bisa ga alamar kyamarar IP ɗin da kuke amfani da ita, sannan ku ƙididdige kyamarori nawa ne za a iya haɗa su zuwa maɓalli.misali :
① miliyan 1.3: Rafin kyamarar 960p guda ɗaya yawanci 4M ne, tare da maɓallin 100M, kuna iya haɗa raka'a 15 (15 × 4=60M);tare da maɓalli na gigabit, zaku iya haɗa 150 (150×4=600M).
②2 miliyan: 1080P kamara tare da guda rafi yawanci 8M, tare da 100M canji, za ka iya haɗa 7 raka'a (7×8=56M);tare da maɓalli na gigabit, za ku iya haɗa raka'a 75 (75×8=600M) Waɗannan su ne na yau da kullun Ɗauki kyamarar H.264 a matsayin misali don bayyana muku, H.265 na iya zama rabi.
Dangane da yanayin cibiyar sadarwa, cibiyar sadarwa ta yanki yawanci tsari ne mai layi biyu zuwa uku.Ƙarshen da ke haɗa kyamarar ita ce layin shiga, kuma madaidaicin 100M ya isa gabaɗaya, sai dai idan kun haɗa kyamarori da yawa zuwa sauyawa ɗaya.
Ya kamata a lissafta Layer ɗin tarawa da ainihin Layer bisa ga adadin hotuna da aka haɗa.Hanyar lissafin ita ce kamar haka: idan an haɗa shi zuwa kyamarar cibiyar sadarwar 960P, gabaɗaya a cikin tashoshi 15 na hotuna, yi amfani da maɓalli na 100M;idan fiye da tashoshi 15, yi amfani da canjin gigabit;idan an haɗa shi da kyamarar cibiyar sadarwar 1080P, gabaɗaya a cikin tashoshi 8 na hotuna, yi amfani da maɓalli na 100M, fiye da tashoshi 8 suna amfani da maɓallan Gigabit.
Na biyu, buƙatun zaɓi na sauyawa
Cibiyar sa ido tana da gine-gine mai nau'i uku: babban Layer, Layer na tarawa, da Layer access.
1. Zaɓin madaidaitan madaurin damar shiga
Yanayi 1: Rafin lambar kyamara: 4Mbps, kyamarori 20 shine 20*4=80Mbps.
Wato, tashar da ake lodawa na madaidaicin madaurin shiga dole ne ya dace da abin da ake buƙata na watsawa na 80Mbps/s.Idan akai la'akari da ainihin yawan watsawa na sauyawa (yawanci kashi 50% na ƙimar ƙima, 100M shine kusan 50M), don haka madaidaicin hanyar shiga Maɓallin ya kamata ya zaɓi sauyawa tare da tashar tashar 1000M.
Yanayin 2: bandwidth na baya na sauyawa, idan kun zaɓi maɓallin tashar tashar jiragen ruwa 24 tare da tashar jiragen ruwa 1000M guda biyu, jimlar tashar jiragen ruwa 26, to, buƙatun bandwidth na baya na sauyawa a layin samun damar su ne: (24*100M*2+). 1000*2*2)/1000=8.8Gbps bandwidth na baya.
Sharadi na 3: Adadin tura fakiti: Adadin tura fakiti na tashar jiragen ruwa 1000M shine 1.488Mpps/s, sannan canjin canjin na'urar a layin shiga shine: (24*100M/1000M+2)*1.488=6.55Mpps.
Dangane da sharuɗɗan da ke sama, lokacin da aka haɗa kyamarori 20 720P zuwa mai canzawa, dole ne mai sauyawa ya kasance yana da aƙalla tashar ɗorawa ta 1000M da fiye da 20 100M tashar jiragen ruwa don biyan buƙatun.
2. Zaɓin maɓallan haɗin haɗin gwiwa
Idan an haɗa jimillar maɓalli guda 5, kowane maɓalli yana da kyamarori 20, kuma rafin code ɗin shine 4M, to zirga-zirgar layin aggregation shine: 4Mbps*20*5=400Mbps, to tashar da za a ɗauka na aggregation Layer dole ne a sama. 1000M.
Idan an haɗa IPCs 5 zuwa mai canzawa, yawanci ana buƙatar sauya tashar tashar jiragen ruwa 8, to wannan
Shin tashar tashar tashar jiragen ruwa 8 ta cika buƙatun?Ana iya ganin ta ta fuskoki uku masu zuwa:
bandwidth na baya: adadin tashar jiragen ruwa * saurin tashar jiragen ruwa * 2 = bandwidth na baya, watau 8*100*2=1.6Gbps.
Fakitin musayar fakiti: adadin tashar jiragen ruwa* saurin tashar jiragen ruwa/1000*1.488Mpps=kudin musayar fakiti, wato 8*100/1000*1.488=1.20Mpps.
A wasu lokuta ana ƙididdige ƙimar musayar fakiti na wasu maɓalli don kasa cika wannan buƙatu, don haka sauyawa ne mara saurin waya, wanda ke da sauƙin haifar da jinkiri yayin gudanar da manyan ayyuka.
Kaske tashar tashar jiragen ruwa: IPC rafi * yawa = mafi ƙarancin bandwidth na tashar da ake aikawa, watau 4.*5=20Mbps.Yawanci, lokacin da bandwidth na IPC ya wuce 45Mbps, ana ba da shawarar yin amfani da tashar jiragen ruwa na 1000M.
3. Yadda ake zabar canji
Misali, akwai cibiyar sadarwa ta harabar da ke da kyamarori masu inganci sama da 500 da rafin lamba na megabyte 3 zuwa 4.An raba tsarin cibiyar sadarwa zuwa hanyar samun damar Layer-aggregation Layer-core Layer.An adana shi a cikin ma'auni na tarawa, kowane Layer na haɗin kai yayi daidai da kyamarori 170.
Matsalolin da aka fuskanta: yadda za a zabi samfurori, bambanci tsakanin 100M da 1000M, menene dalilan da suka shafi watsa hotuna a cikin hanyar sadarwa, da kuma abubuwan da ke da alaka da sauyawa ...
1.Bayani na baya
2 sau jimlar ƙarfin duk tashar jiragen ruwa x adadin tashoshin jiragen ruwa ya kamata ya zama ƙasa da bandwidth mara iyaka na baya-bayan nan, yana ba da damar sauya saurin wayoyi ba tare da toshewa cikakken duplex ba, yana tabbatar da cewa canjin yana da yanayi don haɓaka aikin sauya bayanai.
Misali: maɓalli wanda zai iya samar da tashar jiragen ruwa har zuwa 48 Gigabit, cikakken ƙarfin ƙarfin sa ya kamata ya kai 48 × 1G × 2 = 96Gbps, don tabbatar da cewa lokacin da duk tashar jiragen ruwa ke cike da duplex, yana iya ba da canjin fakitin fakitin ba tare da toshewa ba. .
2. Yawan tura fakiti
Cikakken fakitin isar da fakitin daidaitawa (Mbps) = adadin cikakkun mashigai na GE tashar jiragen ruwa × 1.488Mpps + adadin cikakkun mashigai na 100M × 0.1488Mpps, da ka'idar ka'idar tashar tashar gigabit ɗaya lokacin da fakitin yakai 64 bytes shine 1.488Mpps.
Misali, idan maɓalli zai iya samar da tashar jiragen ruwa har zuwa 24 gigabit kuma adadin isar da fakitin da ake da'awar bai kai 35.71 Mpps (24 x 1.488Mpps = 35.71), to yana da kyau a ɗauka cewa an ƙera maɓallin tare da masana'anta mai toshewa.
Gabaɗaya, maɓalli tare da isassun bandwidth na jirgin baya da ƙimar isar da fakiti shine canjin da ya dace.
Maɓalli tare da babban jirgin baya da ɗan ƙaramin kayan aiki, ban da riƙe ikon haɓakawa da faɗaɗawa, yana da matsaloli tare da ingantaccen software / ƙaddamar da ƙirar guntu;sauyawa tare da ƙaramin jirgin baya kuma in mun gwada da manyan kayan aiki yana da babban aiki gabaɗaya.
Rafi na lambar kamara yana rinjayar tsabta, wanda yawanci shine saitin rafi na lambar watsa bidiyo (ciki har da ikon ɓoyewa da ƙaddamarwa na aikawa da karɓar kayan aiki, da sauransu), wanda shine aikin kyamarar gaba-gaba kuma yana da. babu ruwansa da hanyar sadarwa.
Yawancin lokaci masu amfani suna tunanin cewa tsabta ba ta da girma, kuma ra'ayin cewa hanyar sadarwa ta haifar da shi shine ainihin rashin fahimta.
Bisa ga shari'ar da ke sama, lissafta:
Ruwa: 4Mbps
Hanya: 24*4=96Mbps<1000Mbps<4435.2Mbps
Girma: 170*4=680Mbps<1000Mbps<4435.2Mbps
3. Canjin shiga
Babban abin la'akari shine haɗin haɗin bandwidth tsakanin samun dama da tarawa, wato, ƙarfin haɓakawa na sauyawa yana buƙatar girma fiye da adadin kyamarori waɗanda za a iya ɗaukar su a lokaci guda * ƙimar lambar.Ta wannan hanyar, babu matsala tare da rikodin bidiyo na ainihi, amma idan mai amfani yana kallon bidiyon a ainihin lokacin, wannan bandwidth yana buƙatar la'akari da shi.Yawan bandwidth da kowane mai amfani ke shagaltar da shi don duba bidiyo shine 4M.Lokacin da mutum ɗaya ke kallo, ana buƙatar bandwidth na adadin kyamarori * bit rate * (1+N), wato 24*4*(1+1)=128M.
4. Haɗawa
Matsakaicin haɗuwa yana buƙatar aiwatar da rafin 3-4M (170*4M=680M) na kyamarorin 170 a lokaci guda, wanda ke nufin cewa maɓalli na haɗin gwiwa yana buƙatar goyan bayan isarwa lokaci guda fiye da 680M na iya canzawa.Gabaɗaya, an haɗa ma'ajiyar zuwa tarawa, don haka ana tura rikodin bidiyo a saurin waya.Duk da haka, la'akari da bandwidth na kallon-lokaci da saka idanu, kowane haɗin kai ya mamaye 4M, kuma hanyar haɗin 1000M na iya tallafawa kyamarori 250 don yin kuskure da kira.Ana haɗa kowane maɓallin hanyar shiga zuwa kyamarori 24, 250/24, wanda ke nufin cewa hanyar sadarwar zata iya jure matsi na masu amfani da 10 suna kallon kowace kamara a ainihin lokaci a lokaci guda.
5. Core canji
Maɓalli mai mahimmanci yana buƙatar la'akari da ƙarfin sauyawa da haɗin haɗin haɗin kai zuwa tarawa.Saboda an sanya ma'ajiyar a ma'aunin tarawa, maɓallin kewayawa ba shi da matsi na rikodin bidiyo, wato, kawai yana buƙatar la'akari da yawan mutanen da ke kallon yawan tashoshi na bidiyo a lokaci guda.
A ɗauka cewa a cikin wannan yanayin, akwai mutane 10 da ke sa ido a lokaci guda, kowane mutum yana kallon tashoshi 16 na bidiyo, wato, ikon musayar ya buƙaci ya fi girma fiye da yadda ya kamata.
10*16*4=640M.
6. Sauya mayar da hankali kan zaɓi
Lokacin zabar masu sauyawa don sa ido na bidiyo a cikin hanyar sadarwa na yanki, zaɓin damar shiga Layer da haɗaɗɗen maɓalli yawanci kawai yana buƙatar la'akari da yanayin iya canzawa, saboda masu amfani galibi suna haɗawa da samun bidiyo ta hanyar maɓalli na asali.Bugu da ƙari, tun da babban matsin lamba yana kan masu sauyawa a cikin haɗin haɗin gwiwa, ba wai kawai alhakin kula da zirga-zirgar ababen hawa ba ne kawai, har ma da matsa lamba na dubawa da saka idanu na kira a ainihin lokacin, don haka yana da matukar muhimmanci a zabi abin da ya dace. masu sauyawa.
Lokacin aikawa: Maris 17-2022