Gabatarwa na asali na ƙirar gani
Tsarin gani yana kunshe da na'urorin optoelectronic, da'irori masu aiki da mu'amalar gani. Na'urorin optoelectronic sun haɗa da sassa biyu: watsawa da karɓa. A takaice, aikin na'urar gani shine canza siginar lantarki zuwa siginar gani a ƙarshen aikawa. Bayan an watsa siginar gani ta hanyar fiber na gani, ƙarshen karɓa yana canza siginar gani zuwa siginar lantarki.
Bangaren watsawa shine: shigar da siginar lantarki na wani ƙimar bit ɗin ana sarrafa shi ta guntu na ciki, sa'an nan kuma ya tura na'urar laser semiconductor (LD) ko haske emitting diode (LED) don fitar da siginar gani da aka daidaita na ƙimar daidai. Wurin lantarki na gani na ciki an sanye shi don kiyaye ƙarfin siginar gani na fitarwa.
Bangaren karɓa shine: na'urar shigar da siginar gani tare da ƙayyadaddun ƙimar bit ana juyar da siginar lantarki ta diode ganowa na gani, kuma siginar lantarki tare da madaidaicin ƙimar bit yana fitowa bayan preamplifier.
-Basic ra'ayi na Optical module-
Port-optical module shine sunan gaba ɗaya na nau'ikan nau'ikan module daban-daban, gabaɗaya yana nufin haɗaɗɗen ƙirar mai gani na gani
-Ayyukan na gani module-
Ayyukansa shine kawai gane juyawa tsakanin siginar gani da siginar lantarki.
-Tsarin kayan aikin gani-
Na'urar gani yawanci tana kunshe da mai watsawa na gani, mai karɓar gani, da'ira mai aiki da mahaɗar gani (lantarki).
A wurin watsawa, guntu direban yana aiwatar da siginar lantarki na asali, sannan yana tuƙi laser semiconductor (LD) ko diode mai fitar da haske (LED) don fitar da siginar gani da aka gyara.
Tashar jiragen ruwa yana a ƙarshen karɓa. Bayan siginar gani ya shigo, ana jujjuya shi zuwa siginar lantarki ta hanyar diode na gani na gani, sannan ta fitar da siginar lantarki ta na'urar tantancewa.
- Rarraba yanayin gani-
- Tarihin haɓaka yanayin yanayin gani-
-Gabatarwa zuwa marufi na kayan gani-
Akwai madaidaitan marufi da yawa don kayan aikin gani, musamman saboda:
》Saurin haɓaka fasahar sadarwar fiber na gani yana da sauri da yawa. Gudun na'urar gani yana ƙaruwa, kuma ƙarar kuma tana raguwa, ta yadda duk ƴan shekaru, za a fitar da sabbin alamun marufi.
daidai Har ila yau yana da wahala a daidaita tsakanin sabo da tsoffin ka'idojin marufi.
》Yanayin aikace-aikacen na kayan aikin gani sun bambanta. Nisan watsa daban-daban, buƙatun bandwidth, da wuraren amfani, daidai da nau'ikan fiber na gani da aka yi amfani da su, na'urori masu gani suma sun bambanta.
Farashin GBIC
GBIC shine Giga Bitrate Interface Converter.
Kafin 2000, GBIC ita ce mafi mashahurin marufi na gani da kuma mafi yawan amfani da gigabit module form.
Port SFP
Saboda girman girman GBIC, SFP ya bayyana daga baya kuma ya fara maye gurbin GBIC.
SFP, cikakken sunan Small Form-factor Pluggable, ƙaramin ƙirar gani ne mai zafi-swappable. Ƙananan girmansa yana da alaƙa da fakitin GBIC. Girman SFP shine rabin karami fiye da na GBIC module, kuma fiye da sau biyu adadin tashoshin jiragen ruwa ana iya daidaita su akan wannan kwamiti. Dangane da aiki, akwai ɗan bambanci tsakanin su biyun, kuma duka biyun suna tallafawa toshe zafi. Matsakaicin bandwidth da SFP ke goyan bayan shine 4Gbps
Oral XFP
XFP shine 10-Gigabit Small Form-factor Pluggable, wanda za'a iya fahimta a kallo. Yana da 10-Gigabit SFP.
XFP yana ɗaukar siriyal ɗin tashoshi mai cikakken sauri guda ɗaya da aka haɗa ta XFI (10Gb serial interface), wanda zai iya maye gurbin Xenpak da abubuwan da suka samo asali.
Port SFP+
SFP+, kamar XFP, shine tsarin gani na 10G.
Girman SFP+ yayi daidai da na SFP. Ya fi girma fiye da XFP (an rage shi da kusan 30%), kuma yawan wutar lantarki kuma ya fi ƙanƙanta (an rage ta wasu ayyukan sarrafa sigina).
O SFP28
SFP tare da adadin 25Gbps yafi saboda 40G da 100G na gani na gani sun yi tsada sosai a lokacin, don haka an yi wannan tsarin sasantawa.
QSFP/QSFP+/QSFP28/QSFP28-DD
Quad Small Form Factor Pluggable, tashar SFP mai tashar tashoshi huɗu. Yawancin manyan manyan fasahohi a cikin XFP an yi amfani da wannan ƙira. QSFP za a iya raba zuwa 4 bisa ga gudun × 10G QSFP +, 4 × 25G QSFP28, 8 × 25G QSFP28-DD Tantancewar module, da dai sauransu.
Ɗauki QSFP28 a matsayin misali, wanda ya dace da tashar shiga 4 × 25GE. Ana iya amfani da QSFP28 don haɓakawa daga 25G zuwa 100G ba tare da 40G ba, yana sauƙaƙe wahalar cabling da rage farashi.
QSFP/QSFP+/QSFP28/QSFP28-DD
QSFP-DD, wanda aka kafa a cikin Maris 2016, yana nufin "Maɗaukaki Biyu". Ƙara jeri na tashoshi zuwa tashoshi 4 na QSFP kuma canza su zuwa tashoshi 8.
Yana iya dacewa da tsarin QSFP. Ana iya amfani da ainihin ƙirar QSFP28, kawai saka wani tsarin. Yawan yatsun zinari na OSFP-DD ya ninka na QSFP28.
Kowane QSFP-DD yana ɗaukar 25Gbps NRZ ko 50Gbps tsarin siginar PAM4. Tare da PAM4, yana iya tallafawa har zuwa 400Gbps.
OSFP
OSFP, Octal Small Form Factor Pluggable, "O" yana nufin "octal", wanda aka ƙaddamar a hukumance a cikin Nuwamba 2016.
An ƙera shi don amfani da tashoshi na lantarki 8 don gane 400GbE (8 * 56GbE, amma siginar 56GbE an kafa ta ta 25G DML Laser a ƙarƙashin tsarin PAM4), kuma girmansa ya ɗan fi QSFP-DD girma. Injin gani da mai ɗaukar wuta tare da mafi girma da wutar lantarki suna da mafi kyawun aikin watsawar zafi.
CFP/CFP2/CFP4/CFP8
Centum gigabits Form Pluggable, babban tsayin raƙuman rabe-raben sadarwa na gani. Yawan watsawa zai iya kaiwa 100-400Gbpso
An tsara CFP akan tushen SFP dubawa, tare da girman girma da tallafawa watsa bayanai na 100Gbps. CFP na iya goyan bayan siginar 100G guda ɗaya da ɗaya ko fiye da siginar 40G.
Bambanci tsakanin CFP, CFP2 da CFP4 shine girma. Girman CFP2 shine rabin na CFP, kuma CFP4 shine kashi ɗaya cikin huɗu na na CFP. CFP8 wani nau'i ne na marufi da aka tsara musamman don 400G, kuma girmansa yayi daidai da CFP2. Goyan bayan ƙimar tashar 25Gbps da 50Gbps, kuma gane ƙimar ƙirar 400Gbps ta hanyar 16x25G ko 8 × 50 na lantarki.
Lokacin aikawa: Fabrairu-14-2023